Original Research

Acute myocardial infarction at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal – Management and outcomes

Zakariya Badat, Selvandran Rangiah
South African Family Practice | Vol 64, No 1 : Part 3| a5463 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v64i1.5463 | © 2022 Zakariya Badat, Selvandran Rangiah | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 30 November 2021 | Published: 13 June 2022

About the author(s)

Zakariya Badat, Department of Family Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Selvandran Rangiah, Department of Family Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Abstract

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) following ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The condition remains a management challenge in resource-constrained environments. This study analysed the management and outcomes of patients presenting with AMI at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal.

Methods: A descriptive study that assessed hospital records of all patients diagnosed with AMI over a 2-year period (01 August 2016 to 31 July 2018). Data extracted recorded patient demographics, risk factors, timing of care, therapeutic interventions, follow up with cardiology and mortality of patients.

Results: Of the 140 patients who were admitted with AMI, 96 hospital records were analysed. The mean (standard deviation [s.d.]) age of patients was 55.8 (±12.7) years. Smoking (73.5%) and hypertension (63.3%) were the most prevalent risk factors for patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in contrast to dyslipidaemia (70.2%) and hypertension (68.1%) in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Almost 49.5% of patients arrived at hospital more than 6 h after symptom onset. Three (12.5%) patients received thrombolytic therapy within the recommended 30-min time frame. The mean triage-to-needle time was 183 min – range (3; 550). Median time to cardiology appointment was 93 days. The in-hospital mortality of 12 deaths considering 140 admissions was 8.6%.

Conclusion: In a resource-constrained environment with multiple systemic challenges, in-hospital mortality is comparable to that in private sector conditions in South Africa. This entrenches the role of the family physician. There is need for more coordinated systems of care for AMI between district hospitals and tertiary referral centres.


Keywords

acute myocardial infarction; ischaemic heart disease; management outcomes; district hospital; STEMI; NSTEMI

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