Shock: Assessment and management

Abstract

Shock is a clinical state where oxygen demand in the cells exceeds supply due to hypoperfusion. Early recognition of the patient with shock and a clear understanding of the possible underlying pathologies causing the shocked state aid in providing adequate interventions to mitigate the patient’s outcome and reduce the chances of morbidity and mortality. This article highlights the management of undifferentiated shock as it usually presents in primary care. It also provides information on the four main types of shock and provides a brief overview of the common underlying pathologies associated with each and highlights useful investigations that aid with early recognition and focused interventions to reverse shock.
Contribution: This CPD article highlights important information for clinicians in the early identification of shock and immediate interventions in management of the shocked patient.