Acute stroke in the emergency department: A chart review at KwaZulu-Natal hospital

Abstract

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. There is limited literature detailing the clinical profile of stroke in developing countries’ emergency departments (EDs). The aim of this study is to describe the demographics and risk factors of patients presenting with stroke to an ED in South Africa.

Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of all patients with a clinical diagnosis of stroke presenting to an ED of a regional hospital in rural KwaZulu-Natal from November 2018 to November 2019.

Results: A total of 362 patient charts were screened, and 136 of the charts met the inclusion criteria for the study. Seventy per cent of the patients had pre-existing hypertension, only one patient was not on treatment and two patients were not on secondary prevention. In human immunodeficiency virus–positive patients (20.5%; n = 28), 17 patients were under 50 years old. The most common finding on computer tomography was ischemic strokes (74%, n = 100). Thrombolysis was given to five patients included in the study. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 4.06%.

Conclusion: This study adds to the limited data about stroke in South Africa. Our population represents a unique blend of infectious and lifestyle disease. More research in this setting is recommended to develop local guidelines on emergency stroke care.